Ask Amma

Archive for September, 2011|Monthly archive page

Cow’s milk for babies?

In What on 26 September 2011 at 8:33 am

We get our fresh cow’s milk from our neighbour and she uses no oxytocin injections or other such chemicals. I’m aware of research from the west that finds against giving cow’s milk before 12 months, and that there is a risk of anemia and allergies but do you think this applies to Asian babies or in communities where cow milk consumption is highly prevalent? We would like to cut back on formula and thinking of introducing cow’s milk when our baby turns six months old, as many other rural families in Himachal Pradesh do.

– nursing mother with low supply

So sorry to hear about your supply difficulties.  Your concerns about formula milk ring true to me.  First let’s look at iron.  Studies show that the percentage of iron that babies absorb from milk is 50-75% for breast milk, 10% for cow’s milk and as little as 4% for formula milk.

I would first try to find milk from another human mother who was willing to supply.  She could nurse your baby or you could provide a pump and then feed the expressed milk by bottle, spoon or cup to your baby.  In exchange you could offer fruits or other goodies that would be helpful for the donor’s family.    La Leche League and Eats on Feets are groups that can help facilitate mother-to-mother milk sharing.

Second, the question of allergies that may arise from early introduction of dairy products.  To assess the risk level, before introducing milk from another animal, such as cow or goat, I would introduce a few drops on the skin and then by mouth, and increase gradually. At the first sign of allergic reaction or other problem I would slow down or stop entirely.  You can also test for dairy allergy if you are in doubt.    If he is not allergic to it, then even if the iron is poorly absorbed, there may be other nutrients in the milk that he will absorb.  Certainly the freshness of the milk available to you and the diet and exercise that the cows enjoy locally makes a difference, and you may want to look into raw milk as well.

At the same time I would also gradually increase the entire range of fruits, vegetables and grains in baby’s diet.

Sources: Dr. Sears  Nutrient by Nutrient
Mayo Clinic Milk Allergy Test
J Pediatrics 1977 Jul;91(1):36-9.  Iron Absorption in Infants

Millet Rotis?

In Yes / No on 26 September 2011 at 8:32 am

About using millets as first foods at 6 months: Should I just use the powders and cook them like porridge? We generally have them in roti form – can we just grind the rotis with milk and give?
– mother of a 6 month old

Don’t mix ragi with milk, esp for infants. The iron in each food is better absorbed if they are digested separately. Simply make the ragi porridge with plain water and add nothing else – no salt, no sugar. In a few months when your baby is able to chew he can enjoy the ragi rotis just like you.

Toddler Screaming?

In Why on 26 September 2011 at 8:32 am

My 17 month old loves to scream like the roof was falling, just for the “fun” of it! She might be seeking attention, but getting it doesn’t stop the outburst. It is quite brain numbing. Are there any positive ways of dealing and making things turn for the better, while the iron is still hot?

You must have heard the interpretations of toddlers dropping / throwing things to be experiments with gravity and the laws of motion. Likewise it seems that sound has awakened the scientist in your little one. If she is screaming for “fun” in places where quiet is expected, then are there things you could during such visits that would turn her attention to other interesting things? Snacks, songs, brain-teasers? Elsewhere, can you offer enough time where she can be loud without disturbing anyone, while you manage with earmuffs? Or go outside and shout right along with her? As you try to see things from her point of view, also explain your concerns about the noise and modes of expression – she may not understand everything now, but she will understand that understanding needs to be a mutual exercise.

If, however she is screaming in anger or frustration, then it is important to look for causes – they may not be related to what is happening at the time of the screaming. Life has changed so much for babies and infant bodies may still be expecting the kind of open spaces they have had for hundreds of generations before.   Though I sought to work by consensus, I recognized that the mere fact that our front door was closed was an authoritative restriction that severely affected my daughter’s ability to move about.  She always wanted to be outside, but depended on others to open the door. Because our modern urban world requires us to go outside along with our toddlers, she did not always get the door opened either.

I have seen that when my daughter did not have control over some important aspect of her life, she would express frustration over something that seemed like “nothing” in itself. I knew what others were thinking – that this baby is spoiled, fussy, throws tantrums if things don’t go her way. To address the frustration, however, one must see what one can do to increase the baby’s sense of control and of being respected in the big picture, and not reduce it to the thing that sparked the outburst.

A final suggestion – some amount of role play, modelling polite ways to get attention can help. For example, even before my daughter could say more than a few words, I would tell her, “when you want something, you need to say amma.” Likewise for the rest of the family she learned to say nanna, ammamma, tatayya etc. So when she carried her shoes to the door wanting to go outside, instead of kicking or screaming, she would say, “amma.” We also had a kind of sign language with signs for water, potty, book, open, over, and a few others that she used regularly.

Sharing with playmates?

In How on 26 September 2011 at 8:31 am

My toddler is less than generous about her things –toys, books etc. with others of her age group (though she loves to share food). How do you develop attributes of sharing, caring, and being sensitive to others’ needs in an infant/ toddler?

When babies’ needs – which are simple and few – are met fully and joyfully, they live in abundance, without a sense of scarcity or hoarding. This shows in your daughter’s generosity with food. Since I have seen otherwise, I don’t believe the oft-repeated theories stating flatly that toddlers are too young to share.

If anything, I find that selfishness and "it’s mine" are learned behaviours. I have actually seen kids who, puzzled by such behaviour, looked to their elders, and were told to respond in kind: "If he doesn’t give you that toy then you tell him this one is yours and he can’t have it." They believe that they are helping their children toughen up.

When other children played with my daughter’s toys, I would encourage her to take it as a compliment – "your ball is so much fun, that others also like to play with it." When other children rode her tricycle, I heard her say the same, "my tricycle is so nice, everyone rides it!" I also tried to model sharing and sensitivity by speaking as I would like to be spoken to, or better still, as I would like her to speak to others.

What toddlers may be too young for are other toddlers. Many children play better in mixed-age groups. Though all of us have seen how well a 1 year old plays with a 4 year old, a 2 year old with a 5 year old, etc, we still find organized playgroups sorted into narrow same-age groups. Amma has decided to simplify this for you with a formula: the playmate for a child of age x should be age y, where

y = x + 4x / (x+1) +/- x^(1/2)
for ages 6-8 use: y = x + 4x / (2x+1) +/- x^(1/2)

Note: x^(1/2) means "square root of x"

So we get the following values

x y

1 3 +/- 1

2 4.6 +/- 1.4
3 6 +/- 1.7
4 7.2 +/- 2
and so on. Parents can customize this formula by introducing a coefficient a to the square root 😉 364

Can pets travel on the train?

In Yes / No on 26 September 2011 at 8:30 am

Can pets travel on the train?
– child in Mumbai

Amma has consulted the Indian Railways Rules on luggage which state that: "A passenger traveling in First Air condition class or first class may take a dog into the compartment only with the concurrence of fellow passengers on payment of charges vide Clause(1) above." At the same time the rules refer to "the liability of Railways as carriers of animals is limited as specified below, unless the sender elects to pay the percentage charge on value as shown in the Rule 1301: Per Head Elephants Rs.1500/- Horses Rs.750/- Mules, Camels or Horned Cattle Rs.200/- Donkeys, sheep, goats, dogs and other animals or birds Rs.30/-"